一、短语翻译（30分）

1、经济适用房、Economically affordable housing

2、孝道 Filial piety

3、穿越剧 time-travel TV series

4、京沪高铁:Beijing-Shanghai express railway

5、非物质文化遗产:intangible cultural herita：

6、以房养老:house-for pension scheme

7、自主知识产权：proprietary intellectual property rights

8、申报关税/报关单：customs declaration

9、结算货币：settlement currency ：

10、智能电源：intelligent power

11、恩格尔系数：Engel coefficient

12、http:超文本传输协议

13、www:万维网 world wide web

14、AA 制：Dutch treatment、go Dutch

15、人大常委会：the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress

16、防洪抗旱体系：flood control and drought relief system

17、豆腐澄工程：jerry-built project

18、brain trust：智囊团

19、甲骨文：inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells of the Shang Dynasty

20、LAN:局域网(local area network)

21、VLAN:虚拟局域网

二、篇章翻译

1.英译汉

（节选自马克吐温的《Advice to Youth》，出处为仲伟合《高级英汉翻译》；马克吐温的《Advice to Youth》全文及翻译如下，mtizt.com注 ）

Advice to Youth
by Mark Twain
Being told I would be expected to talk here, I inquired what sort of a talk I ought to make. They said it should be something suitable to youth— something didactic, instructive, or something in the nature of good advice. Very well, I have a few things in my mind which I have often longed to say for the instruction of the young; for it is in one’s tender early years that such things will best take root and be most enduring and most valuable. First, then, I will say to you, my young friends —-and I say it beseechingly, urgingly —-

Always obey your parents, when they are present. This is the best policy in long run, because if you don’t, they will make you do. Most parents think they know better than you do, and you can generally make more by humoring that superstition than you can by acting on you own better judgment.

Be respectful to your superiors, if you have any, also to strangers, and sometimes to others. If a person offends you and you are in doubt as to whether it was intentional or not, do not resort to extreme measures; simply watch your chance and hit him with a brick. That will be sufficient. If you shall find that he had not intended any offense, come out frankly and confess yourself in the wrong when you stuck him; acknowledge it like a man and say you didn’t mean to. Yes, always avoid violence; in this age of charity and kindness, the time has gone by for such things. Leave dynamite to the low and the unrefined.

Go to bed early, get up early— this is wise. Some authorities say get up with the sun; some others say get up with one thing, some with another. But a lark is really the best thing to get up with. It gives you a splendid reputation with everybody to know that you get up with a lark; and if you get the right kind of lark, and work at him right, you can easily train him to get up at half past nine, every time—it is no trick at all.

Now as to the matter of lying. You want to be very careful about lying; otherwise you are nearly sure to get caught. Once caught, you can never again be, in the eyes of the good and pure, what you were before. Many a young person has injured himself permanently through a single clumsy and ill-finished lie, the result of carelessness born of incomplete training. Some authorities hold that the young ought not to lie at all. That, of course, is putting it rather stronger than necessary; still while I cannot go quite so far as that, I do maintain, and I believe I am right, that the young ought to be temperate in the use of this great art until practice and experience shall give them that confidence, elegance and precision which alone can make the accomplishment graceful and profitable. Practice, diligence, painstaking attention to detail –these are requirements; these, in time, will make the student perfect; upon these, and upon these only, may he rely as the sure foundation for future eminence. Think what tedious years of study, thought, practice, experience, went to the equipment of that peerless old master who was able to impose upon the whole world the lofty and sounding maxim that “truth is mighty and will prevail” — the most majestic compound fracture of fact which any of woman born has yet achieved. For the history of our race, and each individual’s experience, are sown thick with evidence that a truth is not hard to kill and a lie told well is immortal. There is in Boston a monument of the man who discovered anesthesia; many people are aware, in these latter days, that that man didn’t discover it at all, but stole the discovery from another man. Is this truth mighty, and will it prevail? Ah no, my hearers, the monument is made of hardy material, but the lie it tells will outlast it a million years. An awkward, feeble, leaky lie is a thing which you ought to make it your unceasing study to avoid; such a lie as that has no more real permanence than an average truth. Why, you might as well tell the truth at once and be done with it. A feeble, stupid, preposterous lie will not live two years—excepted it be a slander upon somebody. It is indestructible, then, of course, but that is no merit of yours. A final word: begin your practice of this gracious and beautiful art early –begin now. if I had begun earlier, I should have known how.

Never handle firearms carelessly. The sorrow and suffering that have been caused through the innocent but heedless handling of firearms by the young! Only four days ago, right in the next farmhouse to the one where I am spending the summer, a grandmother, old and gray and sweet, one of the loveliest spirits in the land, was sitting at her work, when her young grandson crept in and got down an old, battered, rusty gun which had not been touched for many years and was supposed not to be loaded, and pointed it at her, laughing and threatening to shoot. In her fright she ran screaming and pleading toward the door on the other side of the room; but as she passed him he placed the gun almost against her very breast and pulled the trigger! He had supposed it was unloaded. And he was right—it wasn’t. So, there wasn’t any harm done. It is the only case of that kind I ever heard of. Therefore, just the same, don’t you meddle with old unloaded firearms; they are the most deadly and unerring things that have ever been created by man. You don’t have to take any pains at all with them; you don’t have to have a rest, you don’t have to have any sights on the gun, you don’t have to take aim, even. No, you just pick out a relative and bang away, and you are sure to get him. A youth who can’t hit a cathedral at thirty yards with a Gatling gun in three-quarters of an hour, can take up an old empty musket and bag his   grandmother every time, at a hundred. Think what Waterloo would have been if one of the armies had been boys armed with old muskets supposed not to be loaded, and the other army had been composed of their female relations. The very thought of it makes one shudder.

There are many sorts of books; but good ones are the sort for the young to read. Remember that. They are a great, an inestimable, an unspeakable means of improvement. Therefore, be careful in your selection, my young friends; be very careful; confine yourselves exclusively to Robertson’s Sermons, Baxter’s Rest, and The innocent abroad, and works of that kind.

But I have said enough, I hope you will treasure up the instructions which I have given you, and make them a guide to your feet and a light to your understanding. Build your character thoughtfully and painstakingly upon these precepts, and by and by, when you have got it built , you will be surprised and gratified to see how nicely and sharply it resembles everybody else’s.

杨自伍译文:

2.汉译英

1，苏州作为一个现代化程度较高的城市，是江苏省重要的经济、对外贸易、工商业中心和重要的文 化、艺术、教育和交通枢纽，同时也是中国重点风景旅游城市和国家历史文化名城。苏州地区河 网密布，市区是江南水乡的中心和全国河流最密集的地区，周围是全国著名的水稻高产区，中国 经济最发达的地区之一，也是历史上公认的鱼米之乡。苏州是个美丽的鱼米之乡，此时正是10 月底的深秋，北京已寒意渐浓，但在苏州还是暖风拂面，仿佛还在春天，空气湿润而清爽。美丽 的苏州让我的心情格外激动，路边到处都是小水塘和小河，还有随处可见的小阁楼，这里的小楼 都是尖顶的小楼，比起北方平直的房子，更优雅和别致。一条小河穿城而过，以前帆船可以开到 市中心送货，出去采购业驾船到各地。主人说很多水道都填平了，使人们的生活更方便，但是失 去了它自然的风貌，苏州的新开发区还在建设中，高楼大厦，宽敞的高速路把城市串成南方的一 个美丽繁荣城市。

2.在人际关系问题上我们不要太浪漫主义。人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他 或她的优点。这一点颇像是在餐馆里用餐的经验。开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候，印象很好。吃头两 个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。愈吃愈趋于冷静，吃完了这顿宴席，缺点就都找出来了。于是转喜为 怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。这是因为，第一，开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态，而 饿了吃糠甜如蜜，饱了吃蜜也不甜。

参考译文:

 

 

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