I. Phrase Translation
Bill of exchange:汇票
CBD:中央商务区（center of business district)
CCPIT: 中国国际贸易促进委员会(China Council for the Promotion of International Trade)
Head office: 总部；总公司
OPEC: 石油输出国组织(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
Knockout product：拳头产品
Emergency room：急诊室
Pediatric intensive care unit：儿科重症室
outpatient surgical center: 门诊手术中心
Cardiology：心脏病学；心脏科
Ophthalmology：眼科学
Illegal foreign exchange transaction：非法外汇交易
Foreign exchange revenue and spending：外汇收支
Netizen：网民
The e-business: 电子商务
人文交流: cultural and educational exchanges
法人: Legal Person
大型实景歌舞演出:real-scene musical extravaganza
廉租房: low-rent house
经适房: affordable housing
人才战略:talent strategy;human resource strategy
科教兴国战略和人才强国战略: the strategies of reinvigorating China through science andeducation and strengthening the nation through human resource development
服务种类:Type of Service
资源调配: resource allocation; Deployment of Resources
激发内在经济活力: stimulate the vitality of the economy
公务接待费: hospitality spending; official receptions
新型农村社会养老保险: new old-age insurance system for rural residents; a new type of pension insurance for rural residents
农产品流通体系: circulation system for farm product
载人航天:man-in-space flight;manned space flight
违法征地拆迁: illegal land expropriations and housing demolitions
II. Passage translation
Section A Translate the underlined sentences to Chinese
Penny Goid: For three people thrown together by chance, it’s interesting that we all have spent part of our lives at the University of Chicago-me as an undergraduate
student, John Komlos as a graduate student, and John Goldsmith as a professor. And the three of us are close in age and in the types of disciplines chosen-I am also a historian, with additional graduate training in literature and art history. A large difference among us, however, is that my teaching career has been primarily at a small liberal arts college (Knox College), an institution that puts its strongest emphasis on teaching, even while research is encouraged and expected. I’m also female and began my career during a period of time in which wcmen were just beginning te enter academia in significant numbers; this has been a formative influence on my life in the academy and in my attitudes toward it.
I entered graduate school without a clear commitment to professional training. In the fall term of my senior year, l was suddenly caught up in my studies by a serendipitous concatenation of courses in medieval studies and cultural history, and I just wanted to keep learning. It happened that Stanford, where I chose to go, was giving full funding for four years to all entering history graduate students at that time (thanks to generous funding from the Ford Foundation, which was-unsuccessfully, it turns out- trying to speed completion of Ph.D.s),so I paid nothing for graduate education, nor did I have to go into debt. The first year of graduate school was quite a shock, and if I had been spending thousands of dollars of my own money. I’m not sure I would have stayed in school. But in the end,I I was very glad the financial support enticed me to stay, helping me through a rough transition. While Stanford then gave its graduate students no instruction in teaching ( a situation now changed), I had the good fortune to experience excellent mentoring while I was there,I and unlike John Komlos and John Goldsrninth,I l learned a great deal during graduate school about how the academy works. My advisor beginning his first job as a professor in the same year I began graduate school and I learned much from him about the demands, pleasures,I and precariousness of academic life. Another professor I worked closely with was denied tenure while I was in my third year; I contributed a letter to her successful appeal and learned a good deal about academic values and processes along the way. I was at Stanford in the early years of the woman movement (1969-74), and my involvement in the History Graduate Students Women’s Caucus was also a crucial learning experience. The department at Stanford had only one female professor at the time, a Harvard Ph.D, who, because of nepotism rules (her husband had a position in another department), was limited to a non-tenure-track adjunct appointment. When this woman resigned, the Women’ Caucus organized an effort to persuade the department to hire a women for e tenure-track appointment. We talked, we wrote letters, and we succeeded. Another student and I were members of the search committee that resulted. I think I learned more about how the academy works, and how one can work to change it, in that one years than in many of the rest. Also, within this early cohort of women in the academy, there was s strong sense of solidarity, amongst both graduate students and faculty, within and across institutions. We knew we needed to figure out all we could about academic institutions. We knew we needed to figure out all we could about academic institutions and procedures in order to make it as newcomers, and we helped each other out as best we could. Often without access to the “old boy” networks, we founded “new girl” networks, and these have been a crucial source of support, and help to me over the year.
-From Chicago Guide to Your Academic Career
Section B Chinese to English
除非是研究近代史的，很少人会知道中俄战争后，从本世纪初英国即与日本结为同盟。这一特殊关系一直延续到一九四一年的“珍珠港事变”。这期间，英国老百姓自然始终坚定地站在中国这一边。我先是在“七七事变”头一年就有所察觉。当时上海还有租界，而大公报馆无论在津、沪、港，都始终位于洋人管辖的地方。事变前的一年——一九三六年，《大公报》就由于我发表的陈白尘一个剧本中多处提到“×洋人”，而三次被英、日控制的工部局传到法院，最终还是由于事先打了叉叉而没坐牢。
三八年至三九年间，我在香港《大公报》编文艺副刊时，因所登的稿件而与英国新闻审查官起冲突的事，更是屡见不鲜。说是”冲突“，其实，他是主子。在送审的校样上他随便打个红叉，我就只好抽调。
-选自《说起香港》-萧乾著作
张培基译文:
About Hong Kong
-Xiao Qian
Most people, apart from those familiar with modern history, are unaware that as early as the turn of the century (after the Sino-Russian War), Britain entered into alliance with Japan. The special relationship lasted until the outbreak of the Pearl Harbor Incident in 1941. Meanwhile, however, the British people remained firm in siding with China. It was in the year when the July 7 Incident (1) broke out that I first became aware of the said alliance between Britain and Japan. In those days, there were foreign settlements in Shanghai. And The Dagon Bao (2) had its office successively located in the foreign-controlled districts of Tianjin, Shanghai and Hong Kong. In 1936, one year before the July 7 Incident, because I had one of Chen Baichen’s (3) plays published, in which there appeared several times the expression “X foreigner” (the cross X had been added by the editor), I was summoned three times to court by the Shanghai Municipal Council under British and Japanese control. Finally, thanks to the cross put into the manuscript, I was exempted from imprisonment.
From 1938 to 1939, when I was in charge of editing the Art and Literature Supplement of The Dagong Bao, I often got into disputes with British censors (or rather with my masters) over manuscripts. When a British censor put in a red cross at will, all I could do was withdraw the entire manuscript. Sometimes, being hard pressed to find a replacement for it, I had to leave a blank on the page to show that something had been suppressed by censorship. Take a look at The Dagong Bao published in Hong Kong in those days, and you’ll find lots of blanks. Once the British censor even had half a page killed.
Why? Because China and Japan were at war, and Britain and Japan were allies. The Hong Kong colonial authorities prohibited any protest staged in a region under their jurisdiction against the atrocities of the Japanese troops in China. Their word was law. There was no reasoning with them!
In the autumn of 1939, I went to England to teach at the invitation of the College of Oriental Studies of the University of London. I sailed on a French steamer. When the ship arrived at Saigon, it was requisitioned and all passengers were to look for hotels for themselves except the several scores of Chinese who were escorted to concentration camps. Luckily, I was instead put under house arrest after I asked somebody to pass on my visiting card to the local Chinese consul general, who happened to be a former schoolmate of mine at Yenching University, Beijing.
After going through a lot of trouble, I finally arrived at the port of Folkestone, England, in October. But, while going through entry formalities, the entry certificate issued me by the British officials turned out to be one for an “enemy national residing abroad”. When I asked the official in charge for the reason why, the answer he gave was very simple, “China and Japan are at war while Britain and Japan are allies. So, that’s that!”
I remained a scapegoat until 1941 when I became a “great ally” overnight at the outbreak of the Pearl Harbor Incident. The alliance between Britain and Japan then vanished into the air with the flames of war raging over the Pacific.
As to Hong Kong, I of course cherish many beautiful memories. I had my love affair on that island, I played on the fine sands of its beaches, and I many times climbed up its mountains to watch the night scenes. From 1986 to 1987, in particular, I spent a period of unforgettable days as a visiting scholar at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, which had the most picturesque campus in the world. All that accounted for my redoubled joy over the return of Hong Kong to our motherland.
Notes:
(1)The July 7 Incident (also known as the Lugouqiao Incident) of 1937 was an incident staged at Lugouqiao, being on July 7, 1937, by the Japanese imperialists, which marked the beginning of an all-out war of aggression against China by Japan.
(2) The Dagong Bao (formerly known as L’impartial ), a Chinese newspaper first published on June 17, 1902 in Tianjin, later in Beijing on October 1, 1956 and now in Hong Kong known as The Tak Kung Pao.
(3) Chen Baichen (1908~1994), born in Huaiyin, Jiangsu Province, was a well-known playwright and novelist. In the 1960s, he was vice editor-in-chief of the magazine People’s Literature.
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