I. Put the Following Terms into Chinese (15%)
ASEAN: 东南亚国家联盟（东盟）（Association of Southeast Asian Nations）
CPI: 居民消费价格指数(Consumer Price Index)；消费者物价指数
EQ: 情商(Emotional Quotient)
GMT: 格林威治标准时间(Greenwich Mean Time)
GNP: 国民生产总值(Gross National Product)
NGO: 非政府组织(Non-Governmental Organization)
OPEC: 石油输出国组织(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
UNCF: 联合国儿童基金会(United Nations Children’s Fund)
UNESCO: 联合国教科文组织(United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization)
Dynamic Equivalence: 动态对等 [功能对等理论由美国人尤金·A·奈达（Eugene Nida）提出。所谓“功能对等”，就是说翻译时不求文字表面的死板对应，而要在两种语言间达成功能上的对等]
Foreignizing Method：异化法；异化策略 (指对文化价值观的偏离主义的压力下，接受外语文本的语言及文化差异，把读者带入外国情境）
Intersemiotic Translation：符际翻译
Lingua Franca：通用语；混合语；共通语
Polysystem Theory：多元系统理论
Department of Homeland Security：（美国）国土安全部
II. Put the Following Terms into English (15%)
即席翻译：Impromptu translation
稀土: rare earth
产品导向: product-oriented; Product Orientation
民族的先知：the oracle of the nation； the prophet of the nation
操纵汇率：to manipulate exchange rate
第三产业：tertiary industry
宏观调控：macro-control
虚拟经济：virtual economy
生态补偿机制：a mechanism for ecological compensation
西部大开发：Go-West Campaign；China’s development campaign of the western regions
抑制流动性：curb/control liquidity; rein in liquidity
全球战略伙伴关系: global strategic partnership
转变政府职能: transform the functions of the government ; transformation of government functions
国际金融新秩序: a new international financial order
III. Put the Following Passages into Chinese (60%)
I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors. I thank President Bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition.
Forty-four Americans have now taken the presidential oath. The words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace. Yet, every so often the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms. At these moments, America has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because We the People have remained faithful to the ideals of our forbearers, and true to our founding documents.
That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood. Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred. Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age. Homes have been lost; jobs shed; businesses shuttered. Our health care is too costly; our schools fail too many; and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet.
These are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistics. Less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our land – a nagging fear that America’s decline is inevitable, and that the next generation must lower its sights. Today I say to you that the challenges we face are real. They are serious and they are many. They will not be met easily or in a short span of time. But know this, America – they will be met.
参考译文：我今天站在这里，深感面前使命的重大，深谢你们赋予的信任，并铭记我们前辈所付的代价。我感谢布什总统对国家的贡献以及他在整个过渡阶段给予的大度合作。
至 此，有四十四个美国人发出总统誓言。这些字词曾在蒸蒸日上的繁荣时期和宁静安详的和平年代诵读。但是间或，它们也响彻在阴云密布、风暴降临的时刻。美国能 够历经这些时刻而勇往直前，不仅因为当政者具有才干或远见，而且也因为“我们人民”始终坚信我们先辈的理想，对我们的建国理念忠贞不渝。
这些是危机的迹象，数据统计将予以证明。不易于衡量然而同样严重的是全国各地受动摇的信心——一种挥之不去的恐惧感，认为美国将不可避免地走下坡路，下一代人不得不放低眼光。今天，我告诉大家，我们面临的挑战真实存在，并且严重而多重。它们不可能在一个短时间内被轻易征服。但是，美国，请记住这句话——它们将被征服。
IV. Put the Following into English (60%)
有人问：世界上什么东西的气力最大？回答纷纭的很，有的说“象”，有的说“狮”， 有 人开玩笑似的说：是“金刚”，金刚有多少气力，当然大家全不知道。 这，也许特殊了一点、常人不容易理解，那么，你看见笋的成长吗？你看见过被压在瓦 砾和石块下面的一颗小草的生成吗？他为着向往阳光，为着达成它的生之意志，不管上面 的 石块如何重，石块与石块之间如何狭，它必定要曲曲折折地，但是顽强不屈地透到地面上 来， 它的根往土壤钻， 它的芽望地面挺， 这是—种不可抗的力， 阻止它的石块， 结果也被它掀翻， 一粒种子的力量的大， 如此如此。
没有一个人将小草叫做“大力士”，但是它的力量之大，的确是世界无比。这种力，是 一般人看不见的生命力， 只要生命存在， 这种力就要显现， 上面的石块， 丝毫不足以阻挡， 因为它是一种“长期抗战”的力，有弹性，能屈能伸的力，有韧性，不达目的不止的力。
种于不落在肥土而落在瓦砾中， 有生命力的种子决不会悲观和叹气， 因为有了阻力才有 磨炼。 生命开始的一瞬间就带了斗争来的草， 才是坚韧的草， 也只有这种草， 才可为傲然地 对那些玻璃棚中养育着的盆花哄笑。（选自夏衍的《野草》，以下为全文参考译文 Mtizt.com 注）
张培基译文：Someone asked “What has the greatest strength on earth ”The answers varied. Some said”The elephant.” Some said”The lion.” Some said jokingly “The fierce-browed guardian gods to Buddha.” But nobody of course could tell how strong the guardian gods were supposed to be. All the answers turned out to be wide of the mark. The mightiest thing on earth is the seed of a plant. The great strength which a seed is capable of is simply matchless. Here goes another story:
The bones forming a human skull are so tightly and perfectly fit together that all physiologists or anatomists hard as they try are powerless to take them apart without damaging them. It so happened that at the suggestion of someone some seeds of a plant were placed inside a human skull awaiting dissection before heat and moisture were applied to cause them to grow. Oncethey started to grow they let loose a terrific force to separate all theskull bones leaving each of them intact. This would have been impossible withany mechanical power under the sun. See how powerful the seeds of a plant can be！
This story may be somewhat too unusual for you to understand. Well have you ever seen the growth of a bamboo shoot Or the growth of tender grass from under a heap of rubble or rocks Seeking sunlight and survial the young plant will labour tenaciously through twists and turns to bring itself to the surface of the ground no matter how heavy the rocks overhead may be or how narrow the opening between them. While striking its roots deep into the soilthe young plant pushes its new shoots aboveground. The irresistable strengthit can muster is such as to overturn any rock in its way. See how powerful aseed can be！
Though nobody descibes the little grass as a “husky” yet its herculean strength is unrivalled. It is the force of life invisible to the naked eye. It will display itself as long as there is life. The rock is utterly helpless before this force—-a force that will forever remain militant a force that is resilient and can take temporary setbacks calmly a force that is tenacity itself and will never give up until the goal is reached.
When a seed falls under debris instead of on fertile soil it never sighs in despair because to meet with obstruction means to temper itself. Indomitableis the grass that begins its very life with a tough struggle. It is only fitand proper that the proud grass should be jeering at the potted flowers in aglass house.
刘士聪译文：Someone asked “What is the most powerful thing in the world” There was a variety of answers. “Elephant” someone said. “Lion” another said. “Buddha’s guardian warrior” still another said half-jokingly. As to how powerful the Buddha’s guardian warrior was, no one was sure.
In fact none of the answers was correct. The most powerful thing in theworld is the seed of plants. The force displayed by a seed is simply incomparable. Here goes another story:
The bones of a human skull are so tightly and firmly joined that no physiologist and anatomist had succeeded in taking them apart whatever means they tried. Then someone invented a method. He put some seeds of a plant in the skull to be dissected and provided the necessary 3 temperature and moisture to make them germinate. Once the seeds germinated they manifested a terrible force with which he succeeded in opening up the human skull that had failed to be opened even by mechanical means.This story tells us how powerful the seeds of plants can be.
You may think this is too unusual a story to be grasped by the common mind. Well have you ever seen how the bamboo shoots grow? Have you ever seen how frail young grass grow out from under debris and rubble? In order to get the sunshine and bring its will to grow into play no matter how heavy the rocks are and how narrow the space between the rocks it will wind its way up irresistibly its roots drilling downward and its sprouts shooting upward. This is an irresistible force. Any rock lying in its way will be overturned. This again shows how powerful a seed can be. Though the little grass have never been said to be herculean the power it shows is matchless in the world. It is an invisible force of life. So long as there is life the force will show itself. The rock above it is not heavy enough to prevent it from growing because it is a force that keeps growing over a period of time because it is an elastic force that can shrink and expand because it is a tenacious force that will not stop growing until it is grown.
The seed does not choose to fall on fertile land but among debris. If it isfilled with life it is never pessimistic or sad for it is tempered byresistance and pressure. The grass that fights its way out since the moment itis born can be called “strong” and ”tenacious” only the grass that fightsits way up since its birth has the right to laugh with justified pride at thepotted plants in glassed green houses.
武汉大学MTI 2011-2013 真题下载：百度云
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