I.Directions: Translate the following words and expressions into the respective target language. (40′)

1. plain prose: 平淡的散文；简朴的白话文

2.. orientalism: 《东方学》; 东方主义

3. theory of games: 博弈论  

4. text typology: 文本类型学

5. localization: 本土化, 地方化; 定位；局限

6. exoticism: 异国情调；异国风味

7. cultural pluralism: 文化多元主义；文化多元性

8. lingua franca: 通用语；混合语；共通语

9. stage fright: 怯场

10. functional equivalence: 功能对等；功能对等理论

11. PIIGS: 欧猪五国(也叫作“群猪五国”或者“欧猪五国”，是国际债券分析家、学者和国际经济界媒体对欧洲五个主权债券信用评级较低的经济体的贬称)

12. Obama-mess：奥巴马困境

13. seckill：秒杀

14. Chindonesia: 亚洲铁三角(这一合成词是由中国、印度和印度尼西亚三国的英语名称合并而成的，反映出了世界贸易中心的转移)

15. intexticated: 一边开车一边发短信的

16. broken society: 破裂社会

17. defriend: 解除好友关系；删除好友

18. ghost estate: 鬼宅

19. copycatting: 山寨; 模仿; 抄袭

20. great recession: 大衰退；大萧条

21. 翻译能力: translation competence

22. 翻译标准: translation criterion ; translation standard

23.典故: literary quotation; Allusion

24. 汉化英语：Chinglish

25.陪同口译：escort interpreting; Escort Interpretation

26. 跨文化交际：Intercultural Communication; cross-cultural communication

27.模拟国际会议口译：simulating International Conference interpreting

28. 典籍英译: English translation of Chinese classics ( ETCC )

29.学术翻译: academic translation; scholarly translation

30. 翻译专业硕士: Master of Translation and Interpreting

31.建设中国特色社会主义: build socialism with Chinese characteristics

32. 加强政治文化建设：Strengthe the construction o f political culture

33.敲门砖：stepping stone；First Things First

34. 偏方；folk prescription；folk remedy

35.富二代：rich second generation

36.恶搞：spoof; kuso; parody

37.房奴：house slave ; mortgage slave

38. 蜗居：Dwelling narrowness；dwelling in a narrow space

39.农家乐：Agritainment

40.隐婚族：Fake Singles；pseudo-singles

II.Directions: Translate the following two source texts into their respective target language. (110’ }

Source Text 1: (55′)

When the world was a simpler place，the rich were fat, the poor were thin, and right-thinking people worried about how to feed the hungry. Now, in much of the world, the rich are thin, the poor are fat, and right-thinking people are worrying about obesity.

Evolution is mostly to blame. It has designed mankind to cope with deprivation, not plenty. People are perfectly tuned to store energy in good years to see them through lean ones. But when bad times never come, they are stuck with that energy, stored around their expanding bellies.

Thanks to rising agricultural productivity, lean years are rarer all over the globe. Modern-day Malthusians (马尔萨斯主义者)，who used to draw graphs proving ‘ that the world was shortly going to run out of food, have gone rather quietly lately. Mankind has won what was, for most of his time on this planet, his biggest battle: to ensure that he and his offspring had enough to eat. But every silver lining has a cloud, and the consequence of prosperity is a new plague that brings with it a host of interesting policy dilemmas.

As a scourge of the modem world, obesity has an image problem. It is easier to associate with Father Christmas than with the four horses of apocalypse (《启示 录》），but it has a good claim to lumber along beside them, for it is the world’s biggest public-health issue today~the main cause of heart disease, which kills more people these days than AIDS, malaria, war; the principal risk factor in diabetes; heavily implicated in cancer and other diseases. Since the World Health Organization labeled obesity an “epidemic” in 2000，reports on its fearful consequences have come thick and fast.

With public-health warnings, combined with media pressure, persuade people to get thinner, just as they finally put them off tobacco? Possibly. In the rich world, sales of healthier foods are booming and new figures suggest that over the past year Americans got very slightly thinner for the first time in recorded history. But even if Americans are losing a few ounces, it will be many years before the country solves the health problems caused by half a century’s dining to excess.

And, everywhere else in the world, people are still piling on the pounds. That’s why there is now a consensus among doctors that governments should do something to stop them. (396 words)

参考译文：当这个世界还不是很富裕的时候，富人胖穷人瘦，有识之士开始思考怎样喂饱穷人的肚子。现如今，世界的大部分地方，富人瘦而穷人胖，这些人又开始为肥胖问题而担忧。

对于这个现象，也许进化论难辞其咎，它让人类可以从容地应对贫乏，却在富足面前束手无策。人类已经习惯了在丰年储存能量来挨过荒年，可一旦荒年不再，人们囤积在肚子里的能量就再也甩不掉了。

由于生产力的发展，荒年在全世界出现的频率已经越来越小了。当代倡导马尔萨斯人口论的那些人曾描绘了世界很快将弹尽粮绝的画面，近几年这种言论也已经销声匿迹了。联合国调查数据显示，饥饿人口数量在20年间已从1980年的九亿两千万下降到七亿九千九百万，与此同时世界人口数量上涨十六亿。也许这是一件值得庆贺的大事。人类在驻足地球之后的大部分时间都能打赢最困难的斗争，以保证自己和子孙后代不至于挨饿。但任何事情都有不利的一面，繁荣的背后也隐藏着危机，于是这就带来了一系列政策上进退两难的窘境。

肥胖是现代社会的弊病，关乎形象问题。肥胖的人更容易使人联想到可爱的圣诞老人而绝非世界末日的那四匹瘦马—战争、瘟疫、饥荒和死亡。但是我们也有理由说肥胖和它们一样严重，因为肥胖已经是威胁公众健康的头号问题，他是心脏病和糖尿病的主要诱因。自从2000年世界卫生组织宣布肥胖是一种流行病的时候，各种关于其弊端的报道铺天盖地而来。

公众健康的警示，和媒体压力一起，能劝导人们像远离烟草一样远离肥胖么？也许吧！在富裕的国家，健康食品销量大增，有数据表明美国人在近年来减肥已略有成效，这还是史上第一次。不过，即使美国人瘦了那么几两重，要解决半个多世纪过度肥胖而累积的健康问题，仍然任重而道远。与此同时，世界上其他地方的人们还在不断的堆积赘肉，这也是医生们建议政府敦促人们减肥的原因。

Source Text 2: (55′)

每年农历七月初七的七夕节，简称七夕，俗称乞巧节，又称少女节或。是中国传统节日中最具浪漫色彩的一个节日。

传说每年的七月初七，是牛郎织女相会的日子。在这一天人间的喜鹊要飞到天上去为牛郎和织女搭一座鹊桥，好让二人渡过天河相见。在这一天的晚上，如果静静地躲在葡萄架下，就能听见牛郎织女的悄悄话。因为织女是一个美丽聪明，心灵手巧的仙女。所以凡间女子便在这一天的晚上与女伴相约在庭院或花园里朝天河中的牛郎织女焚香祭拜，默默祈祷自己的心愿，向织女乞求智慧后让自己变得心灵手巧。少女们希望自己长得美丽可人，嫁个如意郎君；少妇们希望早生贵子，得到丈夫，公婆的宠爱。于是便出现了七夕乞巧等各种风俗。

在汉语中，“七”与“期”同音，含有期待的意思。牵牛、织女二星在每年的 七月同时出现于天空，古代称为“星期”。在“星期”的背后，隐藏着人们对一切 美好意愿的祝福与祈求。因此，七夕的“星期”便成为相爱之人会面的美好日子。(413 words)

参考译文：Every seventh July of lunar calendar is called Qi Xi Festival . It is short for Qi Xi , also customarily called Begging Festival or Teenager Girls’ Festival. It is one of the most romantic traditional festival in China.

According to the legendary, on every seventh July , Niu Lang(Cowherd) and Zhi Nv(Weave Maid) will get together in heaven. On this day, all the magpies on earth will fly to build a bridge which will carry both of them to traverse the Milky Way. In the evening, If you sit quietly under the grape trellis , You can hear they are murmuring loving words each other. Because the Weave Maid is a woman of beautifulness ,intelligence and ingenuity , girls on earth will gather around and then incense in garden or toward the Milky Way to the Altair and Vega ,making wishes silently ,asking for wits and skills from Weave Maid to be intelligent and ingenious. Young women hope babies will be born as early as possible and win the grace from husband and parents-in-law. Young girls wish they will have beautiful appearances and married a satisfying husband. Therefore, sorts of costumes like begging have appeared.

In Chinese , seven(qi) and expectation (qi) have the same phone. Every year ,the Altair and Vega will co-appear on 7th of July which is called star meeting(xingqi,in Chinese). Behind star meeting, people express their benedictions that they wish to be blessed. Therefore, the star meeting, on seventh of July is the romantic day when people fall in love will get gather.

天津外国语大学MTI 2010-2014 真题下载：百度云

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